Many people on the skin are benign soft growths are flesh-colored. In most cases they have "legs". In everyday life, skin lesions called warts. But in dermatology, they are called papillomas.
These tumors can occur in any area of the body. However, the most common are the armpits, neck and groin area. If they do not pay attention, are able to increase the size, to be injured by contact with the clothing and bleeding.
Why is there a skin polyps, I have to go to the doctor and how to get rid of them forever — check out our article.
What appears papilloma
The main culprit of this disease is HPV or human papillomavirus. He is in the body almost every person. But not all the symptoms occur in the form of stands. This is because in good health the virus is successfully suppressed by cells of the immune system. And in 2-3 years, in most cases, disappear from the body.
What is a virus? HPV is a shell-less virus, which is embedded in the DNA of skin cells and mucous membranes. It is located on the surface, without going into the deeper layers of the dermis.
Many months and even years, it is unused. By reducing immunity due to various reasons, the virus aktiviziruyutsya and begins to grow. So there are warts.
Factors that negatively affect the immune system include:
- The constant stress.
- Poor quality or monotonous diet.
- The lack of vitamins.
- Chronic fatigue.
- Passive lifestyle.
- Bad habits.
- The malignant tumor.
- Of serious infectious diseases.
- Uncontrolled reception of antibiotics.
At risk are the elderly, as with age-related changes in the body worse resists viruses. Often, the skin lesions occur in children. Unfinished child's immune system is not able to cope with the virus. He is, after 2-3 months after the infection enters into the active phase.
Important! If a person who is infected with HPV, then completely remove from the body, is impossible. Either on their own or gets to "sleep" and at the same time strengthens the immune system.
Risk factors for women
During pregnancy in women is the physical liquidation of the immune system. This is necessary in order that the body sees the embryo as a foreign object and gave her the opportunity to join into the uterus. If the woman in the body is the human papilloma virus, it always will take advantage of this moment. Therefore in pregnant women the incidence of papillomas — common problem.
Risk factors for men
Causes of skin lesions in men are rooted in alcohol abuse, frequent changes of sexual partners, Smoking. Bad habits that negatively affect the condition of General immunity, and constant inhalation of tobacco smoke inhibits the local protection of the oral cavity and respiratory system. This can cause serious diseases, such as laryngeal papillomatosis.
The average latent (hidden) period lasts from 3 months to a year. For the good health of the infected person is the only carrier without external manifestations. But the danger lies in the fact that it is able to infect another person.
Ways to HPV infection
The causative agent for some time is able to survive outside the human body. The infection most often occurs by transmission of the virus through contact-household way. It can be a handshake, a touch, and the use of a common household, toys. Frequent cases of contamination in places of public resort. Is the bath tub, pool, water parks.
But for penetration to the dermal layer of the skin for one condition — damage to the skin. For infection be sufficient to crack or small abrasions.
In the newborn, the infection is on the vertical path that is from the mother-carrier in the birth process or during breastfeeding.
Genital genital warts or genital warts are transmitted only through unprotected sexual intercourse. It is also possible to samsarajade, that is the transfer of the virus from one body part to another. This happens by scratching or traumatizing the growth of, for example, when shaving.
Main types and kinds of warts
Strains of HPV, there are a lot of. Medicine so far is only known by about 200 species of virus. Some of them affect only part of the body, the other the mucous membranes of the genital organs, and the third arise in the oral cavity and larynx.
Among the famous species are species that have high oncogenic risk. For example, the most dangerous women are the viruses, 16, 18 and 31 species. They are often identified in the erosion of the cervix and cause its degeneration into cancer. The presence in the body vysokokonkurentnyj types of virus does not mean that one must have the Oncology. But it requires more attention to the health and monitoring specialist.
The size and shape of the following types of papillomas:
- Vulgar is common, the most common growths. Often appear between the toes, on the soles of the feet, and chin. Plantar wart has a more compressed solid form due to the walk and pressure. Often painful, but not oncogenic.
- Filiform or acrochordus — typical for elderly people. Externally, a dense yellow color. They have a tendency to increase with time. Always have thin stems. Localized in the axillae, on the neck, in the folds and groin. Is unable to malignancy.
- Flat , small and numerous skin lesions flat. Through the skin, slight rise. Have bodily or brown color. It is located on the face, in the upper part of the chest, in the area of the anus. Low risk of malignancy.
- Genital warts or genital warts — occur only on the genitals. Transmission is predominantly sexual. The possibility of degeneration into malignancy.
Some forms of HPV cause dangerous diseases, papillomatosis of the larynx. White patches and stands in conflict with the normal breathing, the impact on the vocal cords. This condition may cause choking. Often this diagnosis is diagnosed in children. In complex cases, the virus goes down and affects the bronchi, lungs and trachea.
The danger of skin growths
Most of them is not a threat to health and life. They are only about the aesthetic defects and cause psychological problems.
But if the papilloma is caused by a virus with a high level of oncogenicity, that in the event of adverse circumstances can lead to a cancer diagnosis. Malignancy leads to severe intoxication, as well as metastases.
Factors that may cause malignancy education:
- sunburns and exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
- infection with HPV due to her injury;
- chronic inflammation in the body and against the decline of immunity.
Also growths, often grow, their number increases. They tend to merge into the group, the result is a large affected area. Rubbing on your clothing can lead to injury and bleeding build-up.
When you need to go to the doctor
It is essential to consult with a dermatologist for a checkup if you notice the following changes:
- After injury, the wound will not heal. Watching the secretion of the fluid, is pain when touching.
- Color education became darker.
- Papilloma began to grow.
- Pus.
- Odor.
- Throbbing pain even at rest.
- Hair loss in the area of growth.
All skin work is subject to inspection and monitoring of genetic predisposition to cancer. If the papilloma to bring to life the discomfort and interfere, then they are subject to mechanical removal.
Diagnosis and treatment of papillomas
Depending on the location, you should consult a dermatologist, gynecologist, or urologist. For the assessment of growth to make the following studies:
- Dermatoscopy is a detailed study of the papilloma through a magnifying device.
- A blood test for the detection of antibodies against HPV.
- PCR diagnostics.
- Sampling of biological material for histological testing (in the case of suspected malignancy education).
Vaginal formulations, the doctor takes swabs from the urethra or the cervix. Tests performed on a sexually transmitted infection. Diagnosis the presence of genital warts is performed by both partners.
When multiple rashes may carry out the analysis check the status of immunity.
Treatment of the illness, which are aimed to suppress the virus and improve the immune system. This necessarily before the removal of all vegetation as a source of virus. Then held antiviral therapy and receiving immunomodulators.
Methods of disposal of bodies
Depending on the size and location of the doctor may suggest the following methods of surgical removal.
- Cryosurgery or exposure to liquid nitrogen.
The disadvantage of this method is that the expert can not accurately control the depth of the impact. Because of this risk of burns or incomplete excision of the mass. - Laser removal
It is the modern method, which allows for one session to get rid of a few formations. It leaves no scars. Not bleeding, so what is the process of the sealing vessels. Has several contraindications. - Electrocoagulation.
This method involves the exposure on the scale with the electrode. Effective in protruding warts, which have a stalk. It is used in the intimate area. Advantage: remote build-up may be sent for further laboratory studies. - Radio wave method or methods of radiologia.
The specialist may individually choose the length and strength of the radio waves because of the severity of the growth. Is carried out using apparatus "Surgitron". Healthy cells are not damaged, is the point of impact on the growth of thin electrodes. Rehabilitation is not necessary.
In rare cases, surgical excision of education. It is used for large lesions or if there are signs of malignancy. This is the most radical, but effective method. It requires a subsequent recovery. Often leave a small scar. The risk of relapse is minimal as the surgeon completely removes build-up, which affect the healthy area. The surgery is performed under local anesthesia.
One plain papillomas can be removed using special chemical compounds. They contain alkali or acid. But this method is the risk of scalding. In addition, incomplete removal of growth often leads to new learning. Self-removal of the formation can lead to serious negative consequences.
Preventive measures
Fully protect from HPV, it is possible only through vaccination. But it is appropriate only before sexual activity. Protects only against the most dangerous types of virus that can lead to cancer.
To reduce the risk of papillomas is necessary to follow basic rules.
- In public places, not to go barefoot. Use only your shoes.
- In public toilets use disposable plates.
- Using a condom during oral and vaginal sex. But it can be only 50% protection, because the infection is relatively easy to close physical contact.
- Look for monogamous relationship.
- Minimize close contact with an infected person who has symptoms of the disease.
Special attention should be paid to the health, if you are planning a pregnancy. For this pre-pass test for the detection of HPV.
To prevent the recurrence of the pathology after the removal, you need to accurately follow all doctor's recommendation. You should take care of the immune system, keeping it at the optimal level. To do this properly and eat a healthy diet, exercise and give up bad habits.
The very presence of HPV in the body, there is no reason to sound the alarm and start intensive care. But when found on the skin growths, it is best to consult with your doctor.